This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ... Could not initialize class io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm , java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, 0 HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: The specified module could not be foundJul 25, 2019 · I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger. Mar 8, 2020 · I'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.6 If this specific jar doesn't suit you, there are a few others where chis class could be found. If you use Eclipse, there is a handy tool that allows you to see what jars contain the class you need, and this way you can see what makes most sense given what you are doing. Under Mac, you can press CMD+Shift+T and enter the class name. Hope this helps.Glassfish 5 will not start after enable-secure-admin command 2 java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: sun.security.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.<init> in Spring, Hibernate and JSF project running on Glassfish with Java 8Jan 6, 2020 · 1. That is almost certainly not the complete stack trace. Either that stack trace or an earlier one in the log file will tell you what caused the initialization of sun.awt.X11.XToolkit to fail. However, I'd hazard a guess that the root cause is that the JVM running the web countainer is "headless"; i.e. it doesn't have an accessible display. Dec 15, 2014 · This seems to be caused by Ubuntu using the non no_aop version of guice.jar in maven 3.6.3 (which needs the no_aop guice.jar). As a workaround in Ubuntu you could (if you don't care breaking some other ubuntu package actually needing the non no_aop jar): Jan 3, 2017 · This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes. Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Removing certain elements from a list of listsAug 4, 2017 · Apparently it was an issue with the server environment, probably the environment variables where not pointing to the right place, don't know for sure but after we talk about it the person in charge fixed the problem. Dec 21, 2021 · Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies: I am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientI had this issue when working on a spring-boot application. The problem was caused by hibernate-validator 6.0.11 which seems to have an erroneous dependency on javax validation-api 2.0.1.Final.As you may see first exception that we have NPE at (Plugins.java:17) and I think it's somehow connected with ClassLoaders. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. Mar 8, 2020 · I'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.6 I am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...As you may see first exception that we have NPE at (Plugins.java:17) and I think it's somehow connected with ClassLoaders. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I can get same issue for jUnit module also.Oct 14, 2015 · After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ... If you are using Java 8 Update 151 (8u151) or later, also check this:. New Features New Security property to control crypto policy. This release introduces a new feature whereby the JCE jurisdiction policy files used by the JDK can be controlled via a new Security property.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsMay 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh The setting you showed above doesn’t exist. It’s likely some sort of bug that Lucee is showing a number greater than 115% but unless you’re actually getting memory errors in your app I wouldn’t worry. That said, your app might breath a bit better if you give it more than 512MB, assuming you have it available.37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictx This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ... Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsThe root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors. 5 Answers. I think you might be using the wrong version of Java. From the doc: Spark runs on Java 8/11, Scala 2.12, Python 3.6+ and R 3.5+. Python 3.6 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. Java 8 prior to version 8u201 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. For the Scala API, Spark 3.2.0 uses Scala 2.12.Jan 3, 2017 · This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes. Sep 23, 2014 · I want to use SAP JCo to select user data for my Java program. But all I got is: Sep 23, 2014 1:34:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [ I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger.This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ... Jun 23, 2017 · I have updated my dependecies like you said in your comment and i have this now : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org. Sep 23, 2014 · I want to use SAP JCo to select user data for my Java program. But all I got is: Sep 23, 2014 1:34:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [ Apr 20, 2020 · Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places: I think you might be missing some bootstrapping of your test class. Do you have annotations on your test case class like this? @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PrepareForTest(MyFinalClient.class) That'll get powermock to prepare the MyFinalClient class with some bytecode manipulation so that it can properly generate the mock.Dec 15, 2018 · Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh? Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.protocol.http.proxy.ProxyControl Hot Network Questions Looking for a series of books that starts with a girl looking in her fridge, realizing she doesn’t like what’s in there and switches it37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictx1. I've decided to post this question because it took me the whole morning to find a solution... especially because the most common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class weblogic.jndi.Environment to occur, is when weblogic.jar and wlfullclient.jar aren't being properly located by any of IDE, WebApp, or WL.If this specific jar doesn't suit you, there are a few others where chis class could be found. If you use Eclipse, there is a handy tool that allows you to see what jars contain the class you need, and this way you can see what makes most sense given what you are doing. Under Mac, you can press CMD+Shift+T and enter the class name. Hope this helps.Jul 27, 2020 · 1 Answer. You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils { and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing (); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil (); and use hibUtil.doAThing (); instead.For ... 37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictx Sep 23, 2014 · I want to use SAP JCo to select user data for my Java program. But all I got is: Sep 23, 2014 1:34:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [ Dec 15, 2018 · Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh? Oct 14, 2015 · After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ... And I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library:I think you might be missing some bootstrapping of your test class. Do you have annotations on your test case class like this? @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PrepareForTest(MyFinalClient.class) That'll get powermock to prepare the MyFinalClient class with some bytecode manipulation so that it can properly generate the mock.There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.shJun 18, 2016 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscript NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.cxf.attachment.AttachmentUtil means that JVM failed to initialize the AttachmentUtil class.. Apache CXF 3.3.X should support JDK 11 as per FAQ.This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes.Nov 26, 2013 · Weblogic Start Failed java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: weblogic/Server Hot Network Questions What are the conditions necessary for a programming language to have no undefined behavior? The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ...Sep 11, 2020 · And I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library: You're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ...Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies:1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. It is happening because your variable is static and within consutructir you are trying to change the variable. It will attempt to reinitialize which is not possible . Share. Follow.I want to use SAP JCo to select user data for my Java program. But all I got is: Sep 23, 2014 1:34:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [Could not initialize class com.sun.xml.internal.ws.fault.SOAPFaultBuilder java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.xml.internal.ws.fault.SOAPFaultBuilder And my understanding was our client received a SOAP Fault from the server and it's missing some jar file.Could not initialize class sun.awt.X11FontManager using openjdk 8 on alpine linux 6 OpenJDK 11 java.lang.ClassCastException: class sun.font.CompositeFont cannot be cast to class sun.font.PhysicalFontPart of DBhelper.java class (There are also other static members, the full code is below): public class DBhelper { public static String getString() {return "Hi!";} } And the exception: HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.sher.wtpractice.dao.DBhelperDec 21, 2021 · Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies: 20. I'm working on XUbuntu 13.04 and developing swing applications. As I just wanted to try that application I ran into java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class java.awt.Toolkit on startup. I've found several questions about server/client vms and noticed that I have a server VM and that for Linux 64 there is no client VM anymore.Aug 28, 2020 · After much searching, I found several instances of this including java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7, but most are older posts on older versions of gradle and groovy or they are related to android. Here is my version info: Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies:5 Answers. I think you might be using the wrong version of Java. From the doc: Spark runs on Java 8/11, Scala 2.12, Python 3.6+ and R 3.5+. Python 3.6 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. Java 8 prior to version 8u201 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. For the Scala API, Spark 3.2.0 uses Scala 2.12.Dec 15, 2018 · Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh? Prerequisites I'm trying to rewrite test written with Mockito to avoid open Kotlin classes. For that I use Annotations API as most similar to those in Mockito. In example on website I see an @InjectMockKs over TrafficSystem class without...You're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ...The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ...Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsWhile writing on ES through hadoop job ,it freezes with logs as :Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.Lucene,What might be the reaso...I have updated my dependecies like you said in your comment and i have this now : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org.Spark Error: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope. I've created a spark standalone cluster on my laptop, then I go into an sbt console on a spark project and try to embed a spark instance as so: val conf = new SparkConf ().setAppName ("foo").setMaster (/* Spark Master URL*/) val sc = new SparkContext (conf) sc ...37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictx I am using Windows10, eclipse-neon with JDK1.8 version, I am getting the following exception. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.bytedeco.jav...This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ...Prerequisites I'm trying to rewrite test written with Mockito to avoid open Kotlin classes. For that I use Annotations API as most similar to those in Mockito. In example on website I see an @InjectMockKs over TrafficSystem class without...Feb 20, 2013 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams Jun 23, 2017 · I have updated my dependecies like you said in your comment and i have this now : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org. Jan 21, 2022 · If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. – Jul 2, 2021 · when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatch
What Is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError? When the Java Runtime runs a Java program, it does not load all the classes and dependencies at once. Instead, it calls upon the Java Classloader to load classes in memory as-and-when-required. While loading a class, if the Classloader cannot find the class’s definition, it throws the NoClassDefFoundError.. Altyazi porn
While writing on ES through hadoop job ,it freezes with logs as :Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.Lucene,What might be the reaso...I am getting this exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 and java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache) when i run the spring boot application. I am using below toolsAnd I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library:Oct 1, 2022 · If you are working on spring MVC web application and you are trying to use JSR-303 validation annotations then you might face this exception. Exception stack trace looks like this. "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init"5 Answers. I think you might be using the wrong version of Java. From the doc: Spark runs on Java 8/11, Scala 2.12, Python 3.6+ and R 3.5+. Python 3.6 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. Java 8 prior to version 8u201 support is deprecated as of Spark 3.2.0. For the Scala API, Spark 3.2.0 uses Scala 2.12.Sep 4, 2016 · "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" This is a missing jars in the class path issue. I had this issue and found that with by adding the missing jars to the class path it resolved the issue. From the below article java.dzone.com article I found that the minimal jars necessary are...Now The versions numbers have changed but with these libraries only I managed to get it working.Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscriptWhile writing on ES through hadoop job ,it freezes with logs as :Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.Lucene,What might be the reaso...The setting you showed above doesn’t exist. It’s likely some sort of bug that Lucee is showing a number greater than 115% but unless you’re actually getting memory errors in your app I wouldn’t worry. That said, your app might breath a bit better if you give it more than 512MB, assuming you have it available.Oct 14, 2015 · After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ... Could not initialize class .....javax.xml.transform.FactoryFinder (in our case). In the article, where we found the solution, it was the class SessionFactory. Class Under Test. We wanted to write a test for a utils class with static members. After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ...The root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors. Jul 27, 2020 · 1 Answer. You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils { and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing (); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil (); and use hibUtil.doAThing (); instead.For ... If this specific jar doesn't suit you, there are a few others where chis class could be found. If you use Eclipse, there is a handy tool that allows you to see what jars contain the class you need, and this way you can see what makes most sense given what you are doing. Under Mac, you can press CMD+Shift+T and enter the class name. Hope this helps..